The second group dates from the 1940s and 1950s and emerged as an outcome of industrialisation-based rural–urban migration, locating themselves around industrial sites and near infra-structural arteries.
The third group came into being after the independence of India and took vacant urban lands and areas along roads, canals and on marginal lands.
In 2001, 1.5 million people, (one third of Kolkata’s population), lived in slums.
Bustees : These slums are recognised by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation on the basis of land title. Since 1980, they have been taken over for letting/lease to slum dwellers.
Non-Registered dwellings : these comprise of slums on the land encroaching settlements.
The bustee-type generally has some form of secure tenure or ownership rights based on land rent or lease, with structures built by the slum dwellers, or house rental/lease of structures built by third parties.
It is envisaged that the number of urban poor will increase considerably in the near future due to natural growth and in-migration.
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